Groups in the previously named Metals and Ceramics division offer expertise in energy technologies, biocarbon, materials science, ceramic engineering, optical technology, and metallurgy. Division personnel are known internationally for their work on rare earth permanent magnet materials, optical materials for high-energy laser systems, and detector and electronic materials. Research is also conducted on polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries and fuel cells, electrical contacts to high-temperature semiconductors, high-temperature superconducting materials, and nonlinear optical materials. The division also provides analytical and characterization services to internal and external customers.